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pith helmet
The pith helmet (also known as the safari helmet, sun helmet, topee, sola topee, salacot or topi) is a lightweight cloth-covered helmet made of cork or pith, typically pith from the sola, ''Aeschynomene aspera'', an Indian swamp plant, or ''A. paludosa'', or a similar plant.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=December 3, 2009 )〕 Designed to shade the wearer's head and face from the sun, pith helmets were often worn by people of European origin in the tropics, but have also been used in other contexts.
==Origins==
Crude forms of pith helmets had existed as early as the 1840s, but it was around 1870 that the pith helmet became popular with military personnel in Europe's tropical colonies. The Franco-Prussian War had popularized the German ''Pickelhaube'', which may have influenced the distinctive design of the pith helmet. Such developments may have merged with a traditional design from the Philippines, the salakot. The alternative name ''salacot'' (also written ''salakhoff'') appears frequently in Spanish and French sources; it comes from the Tagalog word ''salacsac'' (or Salaksak). During the Revolution in the Philippine-American War, Emilio Aguinaldo and the Philippine revolutionary military used to wear the pith helmet borrowed from the Spaniards alongside the straw hat and the native ''salakot''.
Originally made of pith with small peaks or "bills" at the front and back, the helmet was covered by white cloth, often with a cloth band (or ''puggaree'') around it, and small holes for ventilation. Military versions often had metal insignia on the front and could be decorated with a brass spike or ball-shaped finial. The chinstrap could be in leather or brass chain, depending on the occasion. The base material later became the more durable cork, although still covered with cloth and frequently still referred to as "pith" helmet.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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